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Successful development and adoption of transgenic cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) varieties in Africa depend on in vitro regeneration of landraces because of their agronomic value and amenability to genetic modification. The study investigated somatic embryogenesis from axillary bud and immature leaf-lobe explant and regeneration via shoot organogenesis in five cassava landraces. Landraces exhibited significant (P < 0.05) differences in frequencies of primary somatic embryo production, number of embryos per explant, and frequency of secondary embryos. The frequency of primary somatic embryogenesis ranged from 7.8 to 14.5%, whereas the number of embryos per explant varied from 5.3 to 10.6. However, only frequency of primary somatic embryos and number of embryos per explant showed significant (P < 0.05) differences when immature leaf lobe was used as explant. The frequency of primary somatic embryogenesis ranged from 42.7 to 49.2%, whereas number of embryos per immature leaf-lobe explant varied from 9.5 to 15.2 per explant. Secondary embryogenesis was cultivar-independent in the case of immature leaf-lobe explant. Cyclic and green (mature) embryogenesis showed no significant (P < 0.05) landrace differences in both axillary bud and immature leaf-lobe explants. Shoot regeneration from cotyledon of somatic embryos had significant (P < 0.05) landrace differences. The mean shoot-bud formation frequency of axillary bud and immature leaf-lobe explants was 51.4% and 37.2%, respectively. Root formation was efficient, with greater than 70% of shoots forming root in all landraces. Similarly, landrace differences were detected for the survival of acclimatized regenerated plants, with a mean of 94.7% for both explants. In conclusion, somatic embryos were produced from immature leaf and axillary bud explants of the landraces and the embryos were converted to plantlets via shoot organogenesis. 相似文献
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Effects of dietary supplementation of Haematococcus pluvialis powder on gonadal development,coloration and antioxidant capacity of adult male Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) 下载免费PDF全文
Xugan Wu Lei Zhao Xiaowen Long Jianguo Liu Fang Su Yongxu Cheng 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(10):5214-5223
The green algae Haematococcus pluvialis is an important source of natural astaxanthin as feed additive. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of H. pluvialis powder on gonadal development, coloration and antioxidant capacity of adult male Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis, and four experimental diets were formulated to contain 0, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% of H. pluvialis powder. There were four treatments (defined as D1~D4) in this study and each treatment had three replicates. Dietary H. pluvialis contents had no significant effects on survival, body weight gain rate and gonadal development of male E. sinensis. For colour parameters, the total carotenoids content in carapace and hepatopancreas as well as hepatopancreatic lightness (L*) and carapace redness (a*) increased significantly with increasing dietary H. pluvialis (p < 0.05). For the antioxidant indices in the serum, D4 had the lowest activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), but the highest glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), while the malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and hepatopancreas decreased significantly with the rising content of dietary H. pluvialis (p < 0.05); D1 had the highest levels of SOD, POD and GSH‐Px in hepatopancreas. For the non‐specific immune indices, the highest activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (γ‐GT) were found on the serum of D3 and D4 (p < 0.05). D1 had the highest levels of ACP and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in hepatopancreas, while D2 and D3 had the lowest levels of ALP and ACP respectively. These results suggested the optimal dietary natural astaxanthin level was around 40 mg/kg diets. 相似文献
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我国西北地区气温较低,秸秆直接还田腐解慢、养分循环慢、当季利用率低、影响作物出苗,导致秸秆还田率不高。针对以上问题,本研究以小麦秸秆为原料,以硫磺粉(养分活化剂)和麦秸生物炭(养分吸附剂)为外源添加材料,制成秸秆颗粒。硫磺粉的添加质量比为3%(WS3)、5%(WS5)、10%(WS10),生物质炭的添加质量比为5%(WC5)、10%(WC10)、15%(WC15),以秸秆颗粒(WK)、剪碎秸秆(W,W6)及无秸秆(CK)为对照,通过盆栽试验探究了秸秆颗粒对土壤速效养分及小麦生长的影响。结果表明:秸秆颗粒较剪碎秸秆处理相比,能显著提高土壤速效养分及小麦生物量和植株全量氮、磷、钾含量,添加硫磺或生物炭的秸秆颗粒提升效果更明显。各处理土壤硝态氮含量以WS3处理最高,较W处理提高14.44%;铵态氮含量以WC5处理最高,较W处理提高40.93%;速效磷含量以WS10处理最高,较W处理提高23.42%;速效钾含量以WC5处理最高,较W处理提高9.05%;差异均达显著水平(P<0.05)。小麦生物量以WS5处理最高,较WK处理提高29.61%;全氮含量以WS10最高,较WK处理提高11.44%;全磷含量以WS10处理最高,较WK处理提高21.82%;全钾含量以WC15最高,较WK处理提高12.53%;差异均达显著水平(P<0.05)。综上可知,秸秆颗粒在西北地区实现秸秆还田和养分循环,维持土壤肥力等方面具有很大应用前景。 相似文献
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2001—2020年中国奶粉进口贸易发展呈现规模持续增扩与地位提升,产品结构趋于优化,进口来源有效拓展,进口均价持续攀升等特征。但也存在着进口增势迅猛,冲击国内产业;来源市场集中,均价不断高涨;假洋奶粉泛滥,扰乱市场秩序;走私花样繁多,海关监管困难等问题。提出新时期应积极扶持国产奶粉生产企业转型升级,提升核心竞争力;拓展来源渠道,分散风险集聚;整顿行业乱象,规范市场秩序;从严海关监管,打击非法走私,实现国内奶粉行业可持续健康发展。 相似文献
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The assay was aimed to study the effect of Hedyotis diffusa Willd superfines powder on immune function. Three groups of mice were gavaged with the drugs at doses of 1.75,1.25 and 0.75 g/kg once a day for 7 consecutive days, repectively. The mice of control group were administered with the same volume of saline.At the last time, mice were injected into the muscle with Newcastle disease vaccine,and get peripheral blood on days 7, 14 and 21 after the medicine administration. The enhancement of innate immune responses were evaluated by using CCK-8 method, hemagglutination inhibition test, macrophage phagocytic function test and organ coefficient method. The levels of lymphocytes proliferative capacity, serum antibody, peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis and the indexes of immune organs in mice were extremely significantly enhanced (P<0.01). Hedyotis diffusa dWilld superfines powder could extremely significantly regulate the immunity function of mice (P<0.01). 相似文献
69.
为研究平托花生草粉替代不同比例精料饲喂新西兰大白兔生长效果,用平托花生草粉分别替代10%、15%、20%精料与对照(CK)共4个处理组。经45 d喂养试验,结果表明在日增重、屠体品质方面与全精料饲喂的对照组差异不显著,其中平托花生草粉替代10%精料的处理Ⅰ肉兔生长速度最快,日增重达22.56 g/d,料肉比为2.51∶1;在兔肉氨基酸含量方面,利用平托花生草粉分别替代10%、20%和30%的精料处理的兔肉氨基酸总量分别为68.91%、70.97%、68.51%,与全部精料饲喂的对照相比,替代20%精料的处理在氨基酸总量和人体必需氨基酸含量方面都得到了不同程度的提高;在经济效益方面,替代10%的精料,提高经济效益7.49%。说明可以利用平托花生草粉替代部分精料,达到同样的饲养效果,并节约饲粮,其中以平托花生草粉替代10%的处理饲养效果最好。 相似文献
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